TPR Method, Interactive and Creative Method to Teach Procedure Text

“How to Make a Cup of Coffee”

Author

Name                                 : Fifit Rizkiyani

Student Number                 : 2201415056

Mobile Phone Number       : 082324461655

                Introduction

The method which I chose in my last micro-teaching is TPR (Total Physical Response), I chose this method because I thought that it was the best method to teach students about procedure text and by using this method I believed that this method can be interactive and creative way to engage the students in the learning activities. 

TPR was first proposed by James Asher, James Asher’s Total Physical Response (TPR) is method in teaching English where the students follow directions uttered by the instructor (without native language translation).

According to Larsen and Freeman (2000) there are some principles of TPR:

-   TPR was developed in order to reduce the stress people feel when studying foreign languages and thereby encourage the students to persist in their study beyond a beginning level of proficiency.

- The teacher’s role in TPR is the director of all students’ behavior and the role of the students are imitators of her nonverbal model. As some point (usually after ten to twenty hours of instruction) some students will be “ready to speak’. At that point there will be a role reversal with individual students directing the teacher and other students.

- The interaction in TPR initially is characterized by the teacher speaking and the students responding nonverbally. Later on, the students become more verbal and the teacher responds nonverbally. Students perform actions together, they can lean by watching each other.

-  One of the main reasons TPR was developed was to reduce the stress people feel when studying foreign language. In TPR the students are though in interactive and enjoyable way so that it can reduce their anxiety when studying foreign language.

-  In TPR method the teacher often uses imperative sentence to give commands on their students.

- Students’ native language is rarely to be used in TPR method because meaning is made clear by body movements.

-  In TPR method, teacher evaluates the students by observing their actions to know whether or not students understand.

-  When applying TPR method, teacher should be tolerant of students’ errors and only correct major errors. As students get more advanced, teachers can ‘fine tune’, then correct more minor errors.

          Reflection 

          The objective of the lesson:

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1.      Demonstrate steps in procedure text given by the teacher.

2.      Pronounce some words related to procedure text correctly.

3.      Listen and do other people commands.

4.      Give commands to other person.

5.    Describe the steps in procedure text orally

        The strengths of my micro-teaching performance:

         From my friends’ comments and my reflection on my micro-teaching performance, my strengths are:

1.   Clear instruction and explanation. When I taught my students, first I wrote down what would be discussed in our meeting on the white board. At that time I wrote the title of procedure text “How to make a cup of coffee” then I wrote the generic structure of procedure text which is Goal, Material and Steps. By writing the material on the white board, the students can have clear material and it can a guidance for us as a teacher about what should we do in our teaching activities.

2.    I have prepared the material well. I provided pictures and real things when teaching procedure text using TPR.

Picture 1: Real Materials to make a cup of coffee

      The real materials which I had provided when teaching procedure text using TPR is that I tried to give real illustration to make a cup of coffee so that the students can understand easily about the material and the steps of how to make a cup of coffee trough my demonstration in front of the class and practiced together the commands given by me as a teacher.

Picture 2 :  spoon 

 Picture 3: Instant Coffee 

Picture 4: Cup 

 Picture 5: Hot water

      I had provided some pictures on white board when teaching procedure text using TPR method, by providing some pictures on white board, all students can see the pictures when I commanded the students to point on the pictures. On the pictures above I also provided the transcription of the name of the materials so that the students knew how to pronounce the name of the materials correctly. 

Picture 6: List of words

     When I Taught procedure text using TPR, I also provided list of words on white board, so the students knew how to spell the words correctly and also knew the meaning of the words given when teaching and learning activity. In TPR, the whole learning activity is dominated by giving commands to the students, so we have to provide clear command by providing list of words to the students.

Picture 7: Work sheet

      After giving commands and practice together with all the students to make a cup of coffee, after that I gave the worksheet to check their understanding, I gave commands and then they should give number on the pictures based on my commands. By providing worksheet after learnig rocedure text using TPR method the students are expected to have clear understanding about procedure text in this case how to make a cup of coffee.
3.  When teaching procedure text using TPR method I also provided some jokes and voice effect when practicing how to make a cup of coffee, the aim is to engage the students and make the learning activity to be more interactive and enjoyable.
4.  Using gesture, movement and eye contact. Gesture was defined as ‘movement’ of the arms, head or trunk, while movement was defined as lateral (left or right) movement of the teacher from one position to another position. Therefore, when I taught my students I moved my arms to show the material, and pointed out to the students. I also moved from one position to another position in the class. So, by using gesture, movement, and eye contact not only had the effect of arousing of focusing attention but could have added meaning to verbal communication.
5.  Giving verbal reinforcement to the students. When I taught my students sometimes I gave them verbal reinforcement by saying “good job” or “very good” and also by clapping hands. Those positive reinforcement helps the students to develop correct habits when learning activities.

     The weakness of my micro-teaching performance.

From my friends’ comments and my reflection on my micro-teaching performance, my weaknesses are:
1.  When teaching the students I sometimes used filler “emmm” more than three times, may be because I was nervous at that time.
2.  One of my friend's comment that there were two unclear pictures (cup and hot water picture). Those unclear picture because I toke the picture directly from the internet and then may be it also because of the quality of printer.
3.  There were some mispronounced like the word “material”, because when I performed micro-teaching in front of the class I didn’t realize that I had many mistakes in pronouncing some words, I  just kept going to teach my students.

Conclusion

Some points to consider when applying TPR:
1. Clear and loud voice, because in TPR we as a teacher will give many commands to our students, so we must have clear and loud voice in order to make our students understand and can follow our instruction.
2. Clear instruction, when we apply TPR method in our class room, we must give clear instruction to our students what they should do when learning activities.
3. Providing good model and materials, because in TPR method the students do not allow to speak until they are ready to speak, therefore as a teacher we should provide good model and materials to the students like pictures, real materials and etc, so that the students can gain the knowledge about the new vocabularies from the model and materials given by the teacher.
4. Confident, TPR is a method that have goal to reduce students’ anxiety when learning foreign language. So by having good confidence the teacher can encourage the students and can make the learning activity more alive and interactive so that the students can follow the learning activity well.

In order to improve our teaching skills, we should consider several things as follows:

1.We should prepare the material well and practice a lot before teaching our students in order to reduce our nervous when teaching the students and by practice a lot we will be more confident in front of the class.

2.We needs to employ a variety of techniques and media when applying the TPR methd, such us: picture and real materials to engage students when learning activity 

Reference

Larsen, D., & Freeman. (2000). Techniques and principles in language teaching (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.

Hay friends!! in this occasion i would like to give you example of review text. here it is..... :)

The Whispering Knights

https://www.amazon.co.uk/Whispering-Knights-Puffin-Story-Books/dp/0140319778.

Author: Penelope Lively

Retold by Clare West

Illustrated by Ernesto Melo

(The simplified edition, published by Oxford University Press, 2008. 85 pages)

               The Whispering Knights is fiction story, the theme of the story is fantasy. The author of the book is Penelope Lively. Penelope Lively was born in Egypt in 1933. She went to school in England and then went to Oxford University, where she met her husband a university teacher. She began to write when her children were growing up and has written a large number of very popular books for children and adults. The whispering knights, which was written in 1971. Many of Penelope lively’s books are about the way that the past and the present are joined together.

               The story of Whispering Knights is began when, once there were three children lived in the village called steeple hampden. Three of them always play together. Their name were William, Martha, and Susie.  When they played in the old barn William had initiative to make witch’s brew. They collected all material to make witch’s brew such as the toe of frogs, the wing of bird and the skin of snake. When they was making the witch’s brew there was standing old bent woman, apparently it was Miss. Happle white. She told to the about witch that used to live in the old bard called Morgan Ie Fay. And the children worry about that. Martha asked to Miss Hepple whithe wheter they did was wrong or not.

               On that evening when Martha sleep, she was awaken by her bad dream in the middle of the night and she also saw a moving shadow like an old, bent woman dressed in black on the floor, it made Martha very shock and afraid. The next morning when the three children were going to play in the barn they saw something strange, the moving thick dusty pile straw, as the children threw water on the straw, there was hissing sound, but the flames went on burning, they supposed that it was one of the trick of Morgan. Miss hepplewhite gave suggestion to the children to make as much noise as they can because morgan didn’t like noise and the cross sign.

               The day passed when the children had made ritual much noise, they thought that morgan was gone, but it certainly not, the next accident happened, Susie got a misterious cake from Morgan,and there was a person named Mr steel  who will build a motorway or a new road which haul the old barn and the last Martha was on spell of Morgan Ie Fay and Morgan kidnapped Martha.William and Susie found Martha’ and they escaped Martha from Morgan, the greatest emotional tension ocurred When Susie and William bravely went to the Morgan house to save Martha, Morgan knew it and wanted to catch them. They ran as fast as posible. But, Morgan still chased them. They ran faster without speaking or looking behind them. They ran to the road, chruch, hospital and bus station. Unfortunately, Morgan still chase them. When Martha remembered that Morgan hated the Hampden Stones and that the weakness of Morgan. They ran to the stones and met a mysterious person. The person said to them to go to inside of the stone circle. There was a big battle between Morgan and the hampden stones and Morgan was died.

               William, Susie, and Martha came to the Miss Happlewhite’s house they told about all the story that happened in the hampden stones and they thanked to her because of her help. The barn and the village were safe, because Mr. Steel changed his decision and didn’t want to built a motorway. They lived happily and peacefully.

               Whispering knights story is very good to read not only for children but also adults, the mystery adventure story of the three boys who are very brave and have great curious. This story really evokes the emotions of the readers. In more fully equipped illustrations of images in it that make it easy to understand the contents of the story. One less of this book is that some of parts in this book do not tell the story explicitly about the part why Mr.steel will build motorway through the village. But overall this book is comfortable and nice to read.

Here Another Example of review text





Moondial

https://www.amazon.co.uk/Moondial-Faber-Childrens-Classics-Cresswell/dp/0571322905
Author: Helen Cresswell
Retold by John Escort
Illustrated by Sally Wern Comport
(The simplified edition, published by Oxford University Press. 2008. 69 pages)
 
               The Moondial is fiction story, the theme of the story are mystery and adventure. The author of the book is Helen Cresswell. Helen Cresswell was born in Nottingham, in central England, in 1934, and started writing stories at the age of seven. She studied at London University, and was a teacher before becoming a full-time writer of children’s books. Moondial story was written in 1987. Helen Cresswell has written over a hundred books for children and is also well known for her television writing. 
               The Moondial story was began when, there was a girl named minty who had ability like a witch or something like it, she can see gosh, shadowy people, or hear invisible feet, her mother named kate worked in hospital all day. On the summer she decided to left minty on belton village ad stay with aunt mary. Unfortunately, when aunt mary answered the telephone, her mother kate got an accident. Minty went out and met mr. world, he told to minty that there were children that needed her help. When minty entered the house and the garden, she saw a statue of a boy and an old man that seemed to be fighting and hold a bowl obove their heads. Suddenly the time was changed from sundial to moondial, she heard frightened voice, she met boy named tom, gosh from different time. They made time and after that minty went to hospital to meet her mother kate. After that minty went back to belton house. And on the evening she went back to the past time and met another gosh named sarah. Minty traveled to tom and sarah time, then minty realized that tom had terrible family, and sarah was called as devil child because she had mark on her face. On that time minty decided to save them and told about her adventure and her mission to save tom and sarah using cassette to make her mother cure from her accident. All of the sudden, there was a woman named miss raven who came and wanted to investigate gosh, she also curious about Minty. Then, when tom and minty traveled to sarah time, they met a cruel woman named Miss vole who treated sarah badly. When she looked in the mirror she realized that miss vole was miss raven. Minty and tom decided to save sarah when they arrived in sarah time, sarah was being botherd by her friends who called her devil child. Minty bought mirror to against miss vole. And help sarah to erase her mark on her face. Minty and tom made sarah realized that she was beautiful and minty made miss vole reflected on the mirror, and something happened suddenly. Minty, tom, and sarah, and dorie, back to their own times.
               Overall moondial story is very good to be read, because in moondial story use simple language and easy to comprehend. And the story can evoke emotions and make the reader curious to read the next story. In moondial stories are also equipped with illustrations of images so that it can help understand the contents of the story. Unfortunately there are some parts in the story that is not tell in detail so that there are some parts of the story that hangs and make the reader of curious about it.

News Item

“The tragedy of crash of aircraft in Paradise Island”

taken from:http://www.ligaolahraga.com/detail/34718/ragam-sepak-bola-munich-1958-dan-kecelakaan-pesawat-lainnya-dalam-sejarah-sepak-bola/.

On November 10^th 1989, there was an accident of crash of aircraft in Paradise Island. The plane brought around one hundred and fifty passengers from United States to South Africa.

“When the plane cross over Paradise Island, on the way there was cumulonimbus cloud. The plane had great turbulence, the plane suffered from great shocks, slams up and down, and bouncing up and down, then the plan fell down to the ground” said one of save passengers.

This incident caused hundreds people killed, two of four stewardesses died, just five passengers saved and fortunately pilot and co-pilot saved. This incident made people in paradise shocks because when the plane crashed, when the plane crashed into the building of a resident's house, fortunately the house was empty so no casualties were hit by the plane. Reported by David Harts.

Analytical Expostition text

The important of moisturizing to our skin

taken from: http://blog.doctoruna.com/en/4-steps-for-moisturizing-skin. 

Our skin takes important role to our body, it covered and protect our body. One thing that have to be considered is keeping our skin moist. Why is it really important?

First, moisturizing our skin helps us to reduce skin problem. Moisturizing our skin everyday can reduce the chance of developing extreme dryness or oiliness. Both extremes are harmful for skin and cause common skin conditions like acne.

Second, moisturizing keeps our skin stay young. The skin on our face, neck, ears, and chest are very sensitive to environmental changes and re the most frequent of the body known to develop skin cancer. These areas of skin also shed cells more rapidly than other parts of the body and therefore need moisture to repair itself, which allows for younger skin cells to rise to the surface.

Third using moisturizing help us to conceal other skin blemishes. Moisturize our skin ensures that the skin blemishes are camouflaged, moisturizing tends to make the skin have a slight sheen.

So, using moisturizing everyday help us to take care our skin from any other diseases skin and keep our skin young.

“Ngrembel Asri”

~lovely place to make beautiful moment~

Good happiness guys!!

Pada kesempatan kali ini saya akan mengupas tuntas babar blas dan tentunya mantap nyassss salah satu objek wisata kuliner yang ada di Semarang, yang bernama “Ngrembel Asri”.

Apa itu Ngrembel Asri???

Ngrembel Asri merupakan salah satu objek wisata kuliner yang menawarkan berbagai wisata menarik. terletak di kel. Sukorejo, Kec. Gunung Pati. Semarang.

Kolam Renang Dino

Tak hanya wisata kuliner saja, akan tetapi Ngrembel Asri juga menwarkan berbagai wahana rekreasi wisata salah satunya yaitu kolam renang. Di Ngrembel Asri kolam renangnya di sebut Kolam Renang Dino karena di kolam renang tersebut terdapat beberapa patung Dinosaurus yang tentunya imut-imut, lucu, dan cocok banget di jadikan spot foto.

 Taman Dino

Kolam renang Dino juga cocok banget buat nyegerin badan kita, jika panas-panas langsung aja njeburr byur, di jamin deh seger pake bingit, nah Kolam dino ini juga tidak terlalu dalam jadi ini aman banget buat semua kalangan usia, terutama yang nggak pinter-pinter banget renang. Di jamin deh!

Terus.. di ngrembel juga ada berbagai macam kuliner, tapi yang paling utama menu olahan makanannya adalah ikan, jadi di Ngrembel juga kalian bisa mancing terus ikan freshnya bisa langsung di olah deh,. Tenang ada banyak menu olahan yang bisa kalian pilih, diantaranya yaitu olahan dengan bumbu bakar, bumbu bali, asam manis, goreng, dan masih banyak varian yang lain. daaan kalo di Ngrembel kita nggak perlu nunggu lama untuk menyantap makanan, Cuma butuh 29 menit aja! Cepet banget kan guyss???

Percaya deh, di Ngrembel Asri suasananya sangat sejuk, dan nyaman, cocok banget buat menghabiskan weekend kita. Ada kolam ikan, kandang kuda, trenggiling, berbagai jenis reptil pun ada di Ngrembel. so Lengkap banget kan guys? di sini kita dapet tree in one. makanan, rekreasi sekaligus edukasi tentang alam dan berbagai jenis hewan. Wonderful banget kan????

kolam ikan

lesehan bambu

Nah di Ngrembel Asri juga fasilitasnya lengkap banget dan tentunya bikin kalian betah berkunjung di sana, nih ya piring yag di gunakan di Ngrmbel Asri menggunakan piring porselin nomer 1, di jamin deh keheginisanya. Kemudian di Ngrembel Asri juga menrapkan system hemat listrik, jadi kamar mandinya di desan menggunakan lampu otomatis. Jadi kalo kalian masuk kamar mandi maka lampunya akan menyala secara otomatis. Wow banget kan??

piring kuaitas no.1

Vasilits kamar mandi

SO… kalian tunggu apa lagi guys? Yukk visit Ngrembel Asri segera.. di jamin Nagihhhh..

• Further Information About Ngrembel Asri kontak aja nih :Telp. (024) 6932278

"Setiap saat dalam hidupmu adalah ibarat gambar yang belum pernah terlihat, dan gambar yang tidak akan pernah terlihat lagi. Jadi, nikmati hidupmu dan jadikan setiap momen menjadi indah."

• Procedure text

How to Make Tofu Aci

Source: http://saturesep.com/resep-tahu-aci-khas-tegal-asli-enak/

     Materials:

-      ¼ kg tapioca

-      10 tofu

-      Leaf chives

-      A tea spoon pepper powder

-      Salt

-      Warm water

-      Cooking oil

-      3 cloves of garlic

 Tools:

-      Stove

-      Frying pan

-      Knife

-      Spoon

-      Big bowl

-      Mortar

-      Pestle

 Steps:

1.    Prepare mortar and pestle, put garlic, salt, and pepper powder. Then finely pounded. Set aside

2.   Prepare big bowl, put tapioca together with spices (garlic, salt, and pepper powder which has been finely pounded), add warm water little by little and stir the flour dough till soft and not sticky dull in our hand.

3.   Add leaf chives that have been chopped thin, stir until blended thoroughly. Set aside.

4.    Cut tofu into tree angle size, split the middle of tofu but not to break.

5.   Then enter the dough flour over the tofu which has been drilled a bit. Set the oval shape over the tofu.

6.    Do it all the way, till the tofu and dough flour runs out.

7.    Turn on the stove, put frying on it. Then heat cooking oil.

8.    Fry Tofu Aci till cooked brownish, drain Tofu Aci.

9.    Then serve Tofu Aci with green chili or sauce.

Explanation text

How does pollination occur in plant?

Source: http://www.motherofahubbard.com/pollination-myths/

Pollination is the process in which pollen is transferred from the male part of a plant to the female part of a plant. The plant needs pollination in order to make seeds and reproduce. Pollination can be helped by wind, bird or insect.

The male and female parts of a plant are the key elements in pollination. The male parts include the anther and filament, which together are called the stamen. The stamen produces the pollen. The female parts are the stigma, the style, and the ovary at the base of the flower, which together are called the carpel. Some plants have both male and female parts on the same plant. This is where a plant pollinates itself, and it is called self-pollination. There are three ways a plant can self-pollinate. First the pollen moves to the female parts of the same flower. Second the pollen is transferred to another flower on the same plant, and the third the plant self-pollinates before the flower opens and the flower may not open at all.

Source: http://www.clipartkid.com/pollination-cliparts/

During pollination, the pollen grains from the stamen (male parts) get stuck on the stigma (female part), a pollen tube grows down the side of the style and transports the male sperm nuclei to the ovule. Fertilization occurs when the nuclei fuses with the female ovules in the ovary of the flower. These ovules develop into seeds, and the ovary develops into fruit to protect the seed.

In some plants, only one seed develops, such as an avocado or a peach. In others, lots and lots of seeds are developed, like in tomatoes.